Gymnosperm: a vascular plant having seeds that are not enclosed in an ovary; conifer.

Angiosperm: a vascular plant having it's seeds enclosed in an ovary, flower producing.

1. monocotyledon:

2. eudicotyledon:

Tissue: A collection of interconnected cells that form a similar function within an organism.

1. Dermal Tissue: of or pertaining to the skin.

   1. Epiderm:

   2. Periderm:

2. Vascular Tissue: pertaining to, composed of, or provided with vessels or ducts that convey fluids.

   1. Xylem:

   2. Phloem:

3. Ground Tissue: The tissue of a plant other than the epidermis, periderm, and vascular tissues, consisting primarily of parenchyma and (in lesser amounts) of collenchyma and sclerenchyma. Cortex and pith are subtypes of ground tissues.

   1. Parenchyma: thin cells, which make up the bulk of most non-woody plants

• large central vacuoles for storage

• healing cells

• when found in the center of the stem they are called the “pith”

• alive at maturity

2. Sclerenchyma: is a thick walled supporting tissue.

• fibers: generally long and slender

• sclereids: small bundles of sclerenchyma that form durable layers

• principle material is cellulose

• dead at maturity

3. Collenchyma: enlongated cells with unevenly thickened walls .

• provide flexible support, especially in growing shoots and leaves

• large amounts of pectin provide flexible strength

  • pectin is a polysaccaride that glues cellulose together

Meristem: embryonic tissue in plants; undifferentiated, growing, actively dividing cells.

1. Apical Meristem: meristem at the apex of a root or shoot, where primary growth(height) occurs.

2. Lateral Meristem: mersitem located in the vascular cambrium and the rings of the cork cambrium, where secondary growth(width) occurs.

   1. Cork Cambrium: expelling ring near the outside of the stem, creates the covering surfaces of the plant.

   2. Vascular Cambrium: creates new vascular cells, responsible for ring growth as old xylem are compacted (the phloem is fragile and is destroyed by pressure).